28:47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty 37 you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They 38 will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you.
32:4 As for the Rock, 46 his work is perfect,
for all his ways are just.
He is a reliable God who is never unjust,
he is fair 47 and upright.
33:3 Surely he loves the people; 48
all your holy ones 49 are in your power. 50
And they sit 51 at your feet,
each receiving 52 your words.
1 tn Heb “I have placed before you the land.”
2 tn Heb “the
3 tn Heb “swore” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). This refers to God’s promise, made by solemn oath, to give the patriarchs the land.
4 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 11, 21, 35).
5 tn Heb “their seed after them.”
6 tc The LXX and Syriac read “to Baal Peor,” that is, the god worshiped at that place; see note on the name “Beth Peor” in Deut 3:29.
7 tn Heb “the
8 tn Or “
9 tn Heb “the
10 tn Heb “the
11 tn Heb “may prolong your days”; NAB “may have long life”; TEV “will continue to live.”
12 tn Heb “lest the anger of the
13 tn Heb “the
14 tn For the term “hate” as synonymous with rejection or disobedience see note on the word “reject” in Deut 5:9 (cf. NRSV “reject”).
15 tn Heb “he will not hesitate concerning.”
16 tn Heb “the
17 tn Heb “you will destroy their name from under heaven” (cf. KJV); NRSV “blot out their name from under heaven.”
18 tn Heb “the
19 tn Heb “before” (so KJV, ASV); NAB, NRSV “at the head of.”
20 tn After the imperative these subordinated jussive forms (with prefixed vav) indicate purpose or result.
21 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 15, 22).
22 tn Heb “like the days of the heavens upon the earth,” that is, forever.
23 tn Heb “and your houses,” referring to entire households. The pronouns “you” and “your” are plural in the Hebrew text.
24 tn Heb “the
25 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
26 tn Heb “the
27 tn In the Hebrew text vv. 10-11 are one long, complex sentence. For stylistic reasons the translation divides this into two sentences.
28 tn Heb “or dreamer of dreams.” See note on this expression in v. 1.
29 tn Heb “the
30 tn Heb “all your heart and soul” (so NRSV, CEV, NLT); or “heart and being” (NCV “your whole being”). See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
31 tn Heb “commanding” (so NASB, NRSV).
32 tc The LXX and Smr add “and good” to bring the phrase in line with a familiar cliché (cf. Deut 6:18; Josh 9:25; 2 Kgs 10:3; 2 Chr 14:1; etc.). This is an unnecessary and improper attempt to force a text into a preconceived mold.
33 tn Heb “in the eyes of the
34 tn Heb “the Lord.” The translation uses a pronoun for stylistic reasons. See note on “he” in 15:4.
35 tn Heb “these abhorrent things.” The repetition is emphatic. For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, the same term used earlier in the verse has been translated “detestable” here.
36 tn The translation understands the Hebrew participial form as having an imminent future sense here.
37 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
38 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the
39 tn Heb “the
40 tn Heb “are at the farthest edge of the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
41 tn Heb “the
42 tn Heb “fathers” (also later in this verse and in vv. 9, 20).
43 tn Heb “Moses.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
44 tn The Hebrew term שְׁמִטָּה (shÿmittah), a derivative of the verb שָׁמַט (shamat, “to release; to relinquish”), refers to the procedure whereby debts of all fellow Israelites were to be canceled. Since the Feast of Tabernacles celebrated God’s own deliverance of and provision for his people, this was an appropriate time for Israelites to release one another. See note on this word at Deut 15:1.
45 tn The Hebrew phrase הַסֻּכּוֹת[חַג] ([khag] hassukot, “[festival of] huts” [or “shelters”]) is traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles. See note on the name of the festival in Deut 16:13.
sn For the regulations on this annual festival see Deut 16:13-15.
46 tc The LXX reads Θεός (qeos, “God”) for the MT’s “Rock.”
sn The Hebrew term depicts God as a rocky summit where one may find safety and protection. Within a covenantal context it serves as a reminder to the people that their God has committed himself to their protection in return for their allegiance.
47 tn Or “just” (KJV, NAB, NRSV, NLT) or “righteous” (NASB).
48 tc Heb “peoples.” The apparent plural form is probably a misunderstood singular (perhaps with a pronominal suffix) with enclitic mem (ם). See HALOT 838 s.v. עַם B.2.
49 tc Heb “his holy ones.” The third person masculine singular suffix of the Hebrew MT is problematic in light of the second person masculine singular suffix on בְּיָדֶךָ (bÿyadekha, “your hands”). The LXX versions by Lucian and Origen read, therefore, “the holy ones.” The LXX version by Theodotion and the Vulgate, however, presuppose third masculine singular suffix on בְּיָדָיו (bÿyadayv, “his hands”), and thus retain “his holy ones.” The efforts to bring pronominal harmony into the line is commendable but unnecessary given the Hebrew tendency to be untroubled by such grammatical inconsistencies. However, the translation harmonizes the first pronoun with the second so that the referent (the Lord) is clear.
50 tn Heb “hands.” For the problem of the pronoun see note on the term “holy ones” earlier in this verse.
51 tn The Hebrew term תֻּכּוּ (tuku, probably Pual perfect of תָּכָה, takhah) is otherwise unknown. The present translation is based on the reference to feet and, apparently, receiving instruction in God’s words (cf. KJV, ASV). Other options are as follows: NIV “At your feet they all bow down” (cf. NCV, CEV); NLT “They follow in your steps” (cf. NAB, NASB); NRSV “they marched at your heels.”
52 tn The singular verbal form in the Hebrew text (lit. “he lifts up”) is understood in a distributive manner, focusing on the action of each individual within the group.
53 tc Smr and some LXX